Where Did Peter Drucker Say Management Is a Liberal Art
Definition of Management
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Everything yous demand to know about the definition of direction. Direction is a distinct procedure of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives with the use of human beings and other resource.
Direction is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims. Management is divers equally the process by which a co-operative group directs actions towards common goals.
Learn about the definitions of management provided past eminent authors like Karl Marx, Ally Parker Follett, Stewart, John F. Mee, R.C. Davis, Prof. A Dasgupta, E.F.L. Brech, George R. Terry, Stanley Vane, S. George, William Spriegel, Kimball and Kimball, Harold Konntz, Peter F. Drucker and Others.
Definition of Management: Propounded by John F. Mee, R.C. Davis, Prof. A.Dasgupta, EFL Brech, George R. Terry and Other Details
Definition of Management – Provided by Karl Marx, Mary Parker Follett and Stewart
Direction has been defined in many means. A simple definition is "the activity of using resources in an efficient and effective way then that the stop product is worth more than than the initial resource". This simple definition has the reward that it focuses upon the crucial office of management to transform inputs into outputs of greater value.
Yet, the uncomplicated definition has a drawback- it is as well inclusive. Co-ordinate to this definition, a cow chewing the cud would exist an excellent manager since it eats a cheap resources, i.e. grass, and converts it into a more valuable product, milk. The definition includes practically every developed- a housewife cooking a meal, a vagrant collecting cigarette stubs, a educatee working in a library and an operative assembling chocolate boxes would qualify as a manager.
A definition so wide is useless because it is synonymous with humankind and does not differentiate a subset of people who are clearly managers. To ameliorate the definition it is necessary to specify the resources a manager uses.
Classically (according to Karl Marx) there are three master resources (inputs):
i. Capital- the money to purchase machines and raw materials
ii. Labour- the people to work the machines
iii. Land- where raw materials such as coal, iron ore and cotton can be extracted or farmed
Modern theory has refined Marx'south list of resources.
Today we tend to think of resources every bit the four "G's" of management:
i. Markets
2. Making goods and services
three. Men & women
iv. Money
Fifty-fifty when the resource are specified, a definition of a managing director every bit "someone who uses resources in an efficient and effective manner and so that the end product is worth more the initial resources" is yet inadequate. It still includes too many people. A person working alone assembling bundles of firewood or an bookish reading a book in a library would still authorize as a manager. Many people identify the management of other people as the defining characteristic of direction.
Mary Parker Follett (1941) divers management every bit:
"Getting things washed by other people."
More recently Stewart (1967) described a director equally:
"Someone who get things done with the aid of other people."
This accent on the direction of other people provides a good manner to differentiate between managers, operatives (workers who work direct upon raw materials or information or who directly provide personal services) and specialists (workers who employ their skills and noesis to enable other people to exercise things).
Specialists such every bit neurologists or financial analysts may have equal or college status and salaries than managers. Notwithstanding, they will not be managers until they are responsible for the work of other people such as a clinical team or a grouping of junior investment analysts.
The unproblematic definition of a manager needs a final improvement. It needs to specify what is meant by "more value". Resource can be combined in ways that merely make the workers experience happy or they tin be combined in ways that merely give managers pleasure. However, managers piece of work within organisations and the phrase "more than value" ways "more value" in terms of the organisation'due south goals.
When all these ideas are taken into business relationship management can be defined equally:
"The activity of getting other people to transform resources so that the results add value to the organization in terms of reaching its organisational goals."
Definition of Management – John F. Mee, R.C. Davis, E.F.50. Brech and Prof. A. Dasgupta (With Unlike Meanings of Management)
John F. Mee defines management as the art of securing maximum results with a minimum of endeavor so every bit to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the all-time possible service.
R C Davis defines management is tough function of executive leadership anywhere.
Mary Cushing Niles defines management as Skilful Direction, or Scientific Management, achieves a social objective with the all-time use of man and material energy and time and with satisfaction for the participants and the public.
E F Fifty Brech says that management is concerned with seeing that the job gets done -its tasks put emphasis on planning and guiding the operations that are going on in the enterprise.
Prof. A Dasgupta defines as management is the cosmos and command of technological and human environs of an organization in which human skill and capacities of individuals and groups detect full scope for their effective use in gild to reach the objective for which an enterprise has been set up. Information technology is involved in the relationships of the private, group, organization and the environment.
Many authors defined management in their own way of learning. Many definitions concentrate on getting things done past the people by coordinating, using the resources of the organisation to fulfill the goal for which the organization is fix up.
Management is too looked up on every bit a process concerned with planning, executing and controlling the activities of an enterprise.
Different Meanings of Direction :
The word management can be referred as a field of learning a torso of organized knowledge, which is taught in universities and business schools.
Another manner of thinking is commonage sense of the managerial group of an organization; say for case, 'the management of the college has declared the vacation menses'.
Management may too be taken every bit an occupation or a career.
The word management tin also referred to as describing a field of learning – the new subject of management. Today the noesis of management is taught in Universities, Colleges, Institutions and professional person bodies. The status of management equally a discipline will be enhanced as more than principles are evolved, as more information or knowledge of managing is organized and communicated to those interested and as the act of managing becomes more systematic.
Management can also be taken in the collective sense of the managerial group of an organization – say for instance we will be hearing or reading that the management of XYZ organization is pleased to sanction two months bonus…… All those who performs supervisory responsibilities are grouped under this package.
In an organizational prepare management would include non only the top level director but includes departmental and divisional heads, beginning line supervisors at the bottom of the management bureaucracy as well as all the executives at the higher level reaching up to the chief executives. In a business organisation, non-managers are the clerical, technical and sales employees.
Finally, the term management is now beginning to exist used equally distinguishing an occupation or a career. Careers in the sense here is workers like salesman, typist, clerk who are generally considered every bit non-managerial. When an employee occupies a position where he is responsible/accountable for the piece of work of others, information technology may be mentioned that he has entered as the managerial career. Some of these managers attain the status of professional managers, which mainly indicates the knowledge, skill and attitude attain by these people.
Thus, the management is a purposeful goal-directed activity concerned with accomplishing objectives with and through the efforts of others. It is intangible in that it is a strength, which is invisible. I tin can feel it presence in the results obtained, such as, increased productivity, employee co-performance and then on. Here 1 matter must be cleared that is an owner may be a managing director, only a manager need not be an owner. The effectiveness of a managing director (or management) depends on the knowledge and skill he possesses.
Definition of Direction – George R. Terry, Due east.F.L. Brech, Stanley Vane, S. George, William Spriegel, Kimball and Kimball, Harold Konntz and Peter F. Drucker
Unlike other subjects similar philosophy, psychology and economic science, direction is a relatively a new subject. The principles and techniques of direction are withal in a developing stage and the definitions of direction given by different scholars emphasise unlike aspects of management.
The following are a few of the important definitions of the term 'management':
"Direction is a distinct process consisting of planning, organising, actuating and controlling performance to determine and achieve the objectives by the use of people and resources" – George R. Terry
"Management is concerned with seeing that the job gets done, it tasks all centre that on planning and guiding the operations to it are going on the enterprise." – E.F.50. Brech
"Management is simply the process of decision making and control over the actions of homo beings for the express purpose of attaining predetermined goals." – Stanley Vane
"Management consists of getting things done through others. Manager is one who accomplishes the objectives past directing the efforts of others." – S. George
"Direction is that role of an enterprise which concerns itself with the direction and control of the various activities to attain the business objectives." – William Spriegel
"Management embraces all duties and functions that pertain to the initiation of an enterprise, information technology's financing, the establishment of major policies, the provision of all necessary equipment, the outlining of full general class of organisation under which the enterprise is to operate and the grouping of officials in primary control of an enterprise is r eferred to as the management." – Kimbail and Kimball
"Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups. It is the art of creating an environment in which people tin perform as individuals and still co-operate towards the attainment of group goals. It is the art of removing blocks to such functioning, a fashion of optimising efficiency in reaching goals." -Harold Konntz
The first definition of management is that it is an economic organ of industrial lodge. Information technology means taking action to make the desired result to pass. – Peter. F. Drucker
From these definitions, information technology is clear that management consists of getting things done through others by directing their efforts in an integrated and co-ordinated manner in order to attain concern objectives. It is a process consisting of functions such as planning, organising, actuating and controlling business operations in such a manner as to attain the predetermined goals. It as well involves securing men, money, materials and machinery needed for the achievement of business objectives and putting all of them into operation and checking their performance in social club to ensure the productive employ of the fabric resource.
It consists of resource and all of organisational activities that involve goal formation and accomplishment, performance appraisal and the development of an operating philosophy that ensures survival of the arrangement.
(i) "To decide the goals and mission of the arrangement,
(ii) To make piece of work productive and the worker achieving,
(iii) To take care of social impacts and responsibilities."
Of these iii tasks, 2nd task assumes priority. Human resource of the organisation is the real resource. This resource has to be effectively managed to reach loftier productivity from this. Managers have to co-operate with human elements in and out of the organisation. They have to co-operate each human element to accomplish the organisation goals.
Definition of Management – Propounded by Koontz and O'Donnell, Oliver Sheldon, Ordway Tead, Lawrence A. Appley, Louis Allen and Henry Fayol
Koontz and O' Donnell – Management is the task of Director to establish and maintain an internal environs in which people working together in groups tin perform effectively and efficiently towards the attainment of group goals.
Oliver Sheldon – Proper direction is the function in industry concerned with the execution of policy within the limit set by the administration, and the employment in the organisation with a particular object.
Ordway Tead – Management is the process and bureau which directs and guides the operations of an organisation in the realisation of established aims.
Lawrence A. Appley – Direction is the evolution of people and not the direction of things. Management is personnel administration.
Louis Allen – Management is what management does.
Henry Fayol – To manage is "to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control."
Critical Analysis of Selected Definitions :
Definition given by famous authors Koontz and O' Donnel – In this definition there are two main points to exist distinguished as below –
i. It is the responsibleness of the manager to create and maintain a expert working atmosphere in an arrangement.
ii. And so that people can work in group effectively and efficiently to reach the group goals.
The authors convey through this definition that information technology is the responsibility of the director to create a conducive working status in the organization; so that the people working volition have physical and psychological satisfaction to work effectively and efficiently to achieve the group goals. This definition considers the important aspect of human resource management.
Lawrence Appley, in his definition of direction, spoke about the entire philosophy of modern management within a few calculated words. He stated that management is evolution of personnel. It ways the development of human resource. In other words, development of skills of personnel. We cannot use the term management to any inanimate things (money, materials etc.).
Therefore, management is for personnel and non for the things. It is only natural to have a confusion in the mind of a reader that other managements like material, finance, production, etc., practise relate to homo. It should be understood that in all these managements, Personnel, Cloth, Finance, Production 'HUMAN' is the primary factor. And so the term management represents the management of personnel and not the inanimate things. Therefore, management is personnel assistants.
Louis Allen, in his definition spoke near the entire management activity in five words. He captured the full managerial and operative functions of the manager.
He emphasised that management means what manager does. Management is basically an activity oriented process.
Definition of Management – Provided past Henry Fayol, Dr. F.Due west. Taylor, Peter Drucker, E.F.Fifty. Breech, Joseph L. Massie, Lawrence Appley and Others
The term 'Management' defies precise definition. No two definitions are identical. Information technology has not nevertheless been possible to include all the ingredients of management within a single unassailable formula. In spite of the fact that the expanse of Management is becoming increasingly clear, no universally accepted definition of Direction is forthcoming.
This is because persons of different professions try to ascertain Management according to their own predisposition or orientation; engineers view Management as a matter of design of production, accountants as a matter of facts and figures, chemists as a matter of formulae and mixtures, so on and so forth.
The different meanings and concepts of Management are due to different points of view of different persons. Some view management 'as a grouping of managerial personnel', while others ascertain it as a office such as planning, organising, controlling etc.; still others consider Management every bit an economic resource and at that place are others to whom Management is a technique of leadership or a means of co-ordination.
Management is so comprehensive in nature covering various facets that information technology is about impossible to formulate a definition that will exactly fit in with all the aspects of Management.
In fact, the term Direction can be interpreted in four different senses:
(i) Management as a Squad or System of Potency
(two) Management as a Subject area
(iii) Direction as an Economical Resource and
(4) Management as a Process.
The exact definition of Management poses certain difficulties which stem from the fact that Management is concerned with human beings whose behaviour is unpredictable. Moreover, Management, being a new concept and being in the process of development, naturally cannot be subjected to exact definition. Direction experts like George R. Terry observed- "Management is extensive and formulating a comprehensive definition of it poses certain difficulties".
In spite of difficulties, various definitions of management have been offered.
Henry Fayol, the famous French Management good, divers Management in a manner that gives us a better agreement of the nature of Management.
His definition runs as follows:
To manage is to forecast and to program, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to command.
This functional definition of Management gives us an idea equally to what a manager has to practise.
Dr. F. W. Taylor, the begetter of scientific Management, divers Management as an fine art of "knowing what you want to do" and and so seeing that it is done "in the best and cheapest way". This definition is productivity-oriented and unlike the 1 offered past Fayol.
The concept of Direction divorced from functional aspect was not liked by many including Peter Drucker who echoed the definition of Fayol and stated- "Management is an organ; organs tin can exist described and defined just through their functions". Taylor and Fayol defined Management in a way that did not lay much emphasis on the human aspect of Management.
This aspect of Management was emphasised later on by a number of experts, one of whom described Management as a personal assistants and Management is the development of people and not the direction of things. It was even observed that information technology is the men whom nosotros build and the men build products.
So, Management builds men who, in their plough, produce things. It is no exaggeration to say that in Direction, the human attribute is more than important; it is the motivational factor on which depends the success of an enterprise.
At that place have been attempts to define Management from the angle of procedure approach. Management is a social procedure. It entails responsibility for effective and economical planning and regulation of the performance of an enterprise of a given purpose on task. E. F. L. Breech stated, "It is the pervasiveness of this homo element that gives Direction its special graphic symbol as a social process".
Terry's definition of Management every bit a distinct process consisting of planning, organising, actuating and controlling, utilizing in each both science and fine art and followed in club to accomplish predetermined objectives; is very comprehensive with the essential elements that Management is a distinct procedure and information technology consists of planning, organising, actuating and controlling. According to him, Management utilizes both science also equally art and information technology is meant to accomplish predetermined objectives.
Joseph Fifty. Massie, an eminent Direction author, defined Management every bit a process by which a co-operative group directs action towards common goals.
In that location is no dearth of definitions but to give a long list of definitions will non make things clear rather it will create confusion.
So, a few more definitions, which accept been widely accepted, are existence given:
Lawrence Appley, once President of the Ameritin Direction Association, gave a very acceptable definition – Management is the attainment of results through the efforts of other people.
Harold Koontz defines Management as the art of post-obit things done through and with informally organized groups.
Sir Charles Reynold, a British Management expert, divers Management equally a procedure of getting things done through the bureau of a community.
At nowadays, Management has acquired the nature of trusteeship. A professional person director has to human action as a trustee and not every bit a dominate.
The discussion above conspicuously indicates that as well many definitions have been offered for Management simply the fact remains that management, in order to be deemed as science, needs to be used in one sense only and this tin can be secured if the give-and-take is not used to mean both condition and role.
Determination :
At that place is a perceptible tendency towards professional management as nosotros discover in instance of Tata Fe & Steel Company Ltd. The Tata Management Service and a few others already started in our country, have accelerated the trend towards professionalisation of Direction.
The dissimilar interpretations of Management are not, as a matter of fact, contradictory views of Management; they are merely different ways of looking at Management from different perspectives. Direction definitions, if carefully analysed, will reveal a synthesis of different approaches and viewpoints.
"Many chief executives and educators contend that the most important perspective of top executives should be liberally educated on life'. The total concept of Management requires an understanding of the meaning of liberal education and its human relationship to Management functions. A liberal bespeak of view is not merely the sum of a finite number of narrow approaches. Its emphasis is on freedom to choose from the widest range of possibilities by discovering new possibilities." (Massie)
Definition of Direction – Henry Fayol, Sir Charles Reynold, Mary Cushing Niles, Koontz and O'Donnell, F.West. Taylor, P.Drucker, Mary Parker Follett and Others
"Management" carries different meanings depending on the context in which it is used. Information technology is variously described as an "activity", a "process", and a "group of people" vested with authority to make decisions. Why, sometimes information technology is also used in the sense of trickery.
Some Important Definitions :
Henry Fayol – To manage is "to forecast and plan, to organize, to control, to coordinate, and to command."
Sir Charles Reynold – Direction is "the process of getting things washed through the bureau of a community. The functions of management are the handling of a customs with a view to fulfilling the purposes for which it exists."
Mary Cushing Niles – "Skilful management, or 'Scientific Management', achieves a social objective with the best use of homo and material energy and time, and with satisfaction for the participants and the public."
John F. Mee – Management is the "art of securing maximum result with minimum of effort so as to secure maximum prosperity for the employer and employee, and give the public the all-time possible service."
Koontz and O'Donnell – Management is the "creation and maintenance of an internal surroundings in an enterprise where individuals, working in groups, can perform efficiently and effectively towards the attainment of group goals. Information technology is the art of getting the piece of work done with and through people in formally organized grouping."
Management has been defined past many thinkers in a number of means.
Some of the important definitions are:
"Management is knowing exactly what you want men to do, and then seeing that they practise it in the best and cheapest way". — F.W. Taylor
"Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business, manages a managing director and manages workers and piece of work". — P. Drucker
"Management is the art of getting things done through the other peoples". — Mary Parker Follett
"Management may be defined every bit the fine art of applying economical principles that underline control of men and materials in enterprise under consideration". — Kimball and Kimball
"Management is a kind of coordination activeness between all the social process and human, motorcar, material, coin and method; in such a style as to achieve the stated goals". — Prof. Southward.B. Srivastava
"Direction is the attainment of pre-established goals by the management of man performance along the pre-established lines". — Appley L.
"Management is principally a task of planning, coordinating, motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards specific objectives". — James Landy
"Direction is guiding human and physical resources into dynamic organization units which reach their objectives to the satisfaction of those served and with high caste of morale and sense of attainment on the part of those rendering service". — American Management Association
"Management is to forecast and to program, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control". — Henri Fayol
"Direction is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the efforts of organization members and of using all other organizational resource to achieve stated organizational goals". — James A.F. Stoner.
This definition suggests:
i. That management is a continuous process.
ii. There are several interrelated activities to be performed past managers irrespective their level to achieve the desired goals.
three. That managing director is to use the organizational resources, both physical and human to reach the goals.
iv. That management aims to achieve the organizational goals by ensuring effective use of resource.
"Management is defined equally the creation and maintenance of an internal environs in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups, tin can perform efficiently and effectively towards the attainment of group-goals". — Koontz & O'Donnell.
From the above definitions, information technology can be concluded that "Direction is a social activity involving coordination between material resources and humans through the functions of organizing, planning, leading, staffing and controlling equally such to get the stated objectives".
Here in this definition, the post-obit are the v parts of management as a social process:
i. The first is the coordination of resource.
ii. The second is the functioning of the managerial role every bit a basic ways for achieving coordination.
iii. The third is to institute the objectives or purpose of managerial procedure. The managerial activities should exist perfectly purposeful.
iv. The fourth aspect of the management is a social process. It means that how to get work washed past other people.
v. The final and fifth activity indicates a cyclical procedure which is a continuous process that represents planning – control-re-planning cycle, and so on.
Definition of Management – Propounded by F.West. Taylor, Harold Koontz, Harold Koontz, EFL Brech, R.C. Davis, TCM Bartol and D.C. Martin
The focal point of every business enterprise in today'south dynamic business world is "Management". The complex structure evolved for business units today has made it impossible to handle it by a single person. It involves large number of people and "direction" is the buzz word.
This wide involvement of people and dispersion of its awareness has led to the realization – "The modern age of organisation". Modernistic day business concern environment carry out all homo activities through organizations ranging from production of appurtenances and services, organizing sports, events, managing political economy, scientific research, events, managing political economy, scientific inquiry, or send and communication systems.
The effectiveness of all the business organisation units further depends on its management. Vital roles played by management of any organisation include planning, organizing and integrating all activities and resource of an organization to accomplish pre-conceived, well-divers objectives. These tasks are performed by well-trained managers.
These well-trained managers directly the organization to achieve its goals set by the board by mobilizing the required factors of production, analogous activities and inspiring people. Thus, 'management' may exist understood every bit a prime number mover of organizational performance and behaviour. Managers, on the other mitt are ones to provide dynamism to organizations through constructive leadership.
Management today has invaded each and every sphere of modern life, business every bit-well-as non-business organization activities. Hence, it plays a significant role in business world mainly because of the dynamism involved in business structures.
Meaning of Management :
Dissimilar eminent scholars across the globe have defined direction from their own perspective.
Some of the famous definitions of management accept been given below:
"Management is an art of knowing what is to be washed and selling that information technology is washed in the best possible manner." – F.W. Taylor
"Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups." – Harold Koontz
"Direction is a social process entailing responsibility for the effective (or efficient) planning and regulation of the operations of an enterprise in fulfillment of a given purpose or task, such responsibility involves- (a) the installation and maintenance of proper procedures to ensure adherence to plans, and (b) the guidance integration and supervision of the personnel composing the enterprise and carrying out its operations." – EFL Brech
"Management is the function of executive leadership. Managerial functions involve the piece of work of planning, organizing and controlling the activities of others in accomplishing the organization southward objectives." – R.C. Davis
"Direction is the process of achieving organizational goal by engaging in the major functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling." – TC.M. Bartol and D.C. Martin
On the basis of definitions discussed above, we may regard management as a singled-out procedure. Though management concepts, principles and techniques are still nether development. Considering management has all the same not been developed every bit a bailiwick in itself, a wide influence of other developed disciplines similar economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, statistics and mathematics, and others has been observed.
Consequently, no articulate-cut definition of management has evolved by now. Though experiences of these developed disciplines have contributed to deeper development and understanding of management equally a subject area. Management is understood in dissimilar contexts by unlike people.
Definition of Management – According to Peter F. Drucker
Direction is a distinct process of planning, organizing, actuating and decision-making, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives with the use of human being beings and other resources.
Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims. Management is defined as the process past which a branch group directs actions towards common goals.
Every system, at every level, needs management, be it an organization as minor as a family/temple or a church building or bigger organizations as schools, colleges, universities, business concern houses or even the Government. It is of import for both profit and non-profit organizations. Labour unions and research organizations, hospitals and armed services are as well guided by management principles.
Peter F. Drucker has very remarkably explained the importance of management in today'southward context-
"Without institution in that location is no direction. But without management there is no establishment. Direction is the specific organ of the modern institution. Information technology is the organ on the operation of which the performance and the survival of the institution depends."
In low-cal of the above discussion, management can exist viewed as a procedure where homo and not-human resources are integrated and directed towards organizational goals, whether turn a profit or service, through diverse functions of direction, i.e., planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.
Definition of Management – Propounded by Harold Koontz and F.W. Taylor
During the prehistoric days when man lived largely by collecting food 'from the natural flora and by hunting, life was simple. Even in those days, men hunted for food, women cooked and cared for children, and people chose a leader who could lead them in hunting, and preferred someone to make their hunting equipment precipitous and precise.
At a very rudimentary level, this is specialisation and division of labour. They managed the division of labour past planning, organising, finding appropriate people to do different tasks, and by choosing leaders who controlled the system through customs, practices, laws, and dispensation of justice.
According to Harold Koontz, "Management is the fine art of getting things washed through and with the people in formally organised groups. Information technology is an art of creating an environs in which people can perform and individuals tin can co-operate towards attainment of grouping goals".
Co-ordinate to F. West. Taylor, "Management is the art of knowing what to do, when to do, and see that it is washed in the best and cheapest way".
Building on the definition of Harold Koontz, we can define management equally the 'process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working in groups, efficiently employ resources including technology and machines and accomplish goals of stake holders effectively'.
This definition brings to the fore the following key bug of management- it is about people and other resource, there are goals for individuals, organisations, the order and other stake holders, and information technology involves creating an surround where people and resource interact. This definition answers the 'what, why, and how' of management.
Definition of Management – Dr. James Lundy, Harold Koontz, Henry Fayol, J.N. Schulze and Southward. George
Management is a general term. It refers to the organising and directing of human activities for attaining a definite objective. It is a process through which all the resource are organised and utilised to attain maximum efficiency.
In the words of Dr. James Lundy, "it is principally a task of planning, coordinating, motivating and decision-making the efforts of others towards the specific objectives."
In direction literature, we notice a big number of definitions of management given past dissimilar scholars who had different orientations.
Some of these definitions are given below:
Harold Koontz – "Direction is the fine art of getting things done through and with people informally organised groups".
Henry Fayol – "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control."
J.North. Schulze – "Management is the strength which leads, guides and directs an organisation in the accomplishment of a pre-determined object."
S. George – "Direction consists of getting things done through others. Manager is ane who accomplishes the objectives past directing the efforts of others."
Management has been defined in different senses emphasizing different aspects of management.
In its broad sense, management may include the following:
(a) Conception of plans, policies and objectives,
(b) Securing men, textile, mechanism, money and methods for this accomplishment,
(c) Putting all of them into operation,
(d) Directing and motivating the men at work,
(e) Supervising and controlling their performance, and
(f) Providing maximum satisfaction and service to employer, employees and public at big.
Source: https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/management/definition-of-management/31854
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